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Athletic Training & Sports Medicine Center

Examination Links:

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Alphabetical Listing
of Examinations
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Head

Cervical Spine

Thoracic Spine

Lumbar Spine

Shoulder

Elbow & Radioulnar

Wrist

Hand & Fingers

Sacroiliac Joint

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Ipsilateral Prone Kinetic Test
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FABER Test
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Passive Extension & Internal 
Rotation of Ilium on Sacrum

Passive Flexion & External 
Rotation of Ilium on Sacrum

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Passive External Rotation 
of Hip
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Pelvic Rocking Test
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Gapping Test
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Prone Gapping (Hibb's) Test
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Approximation Test
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Squish Test
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Sacroiliac Rocking Test
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Sacral Apex Pressure Test
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Torsion Stress Test
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Femoral Shear Test
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Superoinferior Symphysis
Pubic Stress Test

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Piedallu's Sign
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Flamingo Maneuver or Test
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Gaenslen's Sign
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Mazion's Pelvic Maneuver
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Yeoman's Test
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Sit-up Test
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Hip & Thigh

Knee

Lower Leg

Ankle

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Foot
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Morton Test
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Range of Motion
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Goniometry
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Manual Muscle Testing
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Reflexes
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Vital Signs
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Body Composition
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Apprehension Test

Other Names

Crank Test

Examination type

Joint stability

Patient & Body Segment Positioning

Patient lies supine on a table with the involved shoulder abducted to 90⁰ and the elbow flexed to 90⁰.

Examiner Position

Examiner stands beside the athlete with one hand under the elbow to support the arm and act as a fulcrum and the other hand on the athlete’s wrist to externally rotate the shoulder.

Tissues Being Tested

Glenoid Labrum, inferior glenohumeral ligament

Performing the Test

With the subject’s involved shoulder in 90 degrees of abduction and the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion, the examiner slowly externally rotates the shoulder by placing a downward force on the patient’s wrist.

Positive Test

Apprehension of the patient toward further movement into external rotation direction or pain. The examiner may also notice anterior translation or subluxation of the humeral head. This test is used to mimic the positioning and movement of an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint, thus recreating a subject’s episode of instability.

Interpretation

Anterior instability of the glenohumeral joint.

Common errors in performing exam

Externally rotating or “cranking” the shoulder too quickly can cause excessive apprehension, pain, or anterior subluxation of the humeral head.

Factors possibly resulting in misinterpretation

Shoulder impingement can also cause the Apprehension test to be positive.

Related tests

Load and Shift Test, Fulcrum Test, Anterior Drawer Test, Jobe Relocation Test, and Feagin Test

References

Konin. Special Test for Orthopedic Examination. 2^nd Ed. 2002. pp.103.

Magee. Orthopedic Physical Assessment. 4^th Ed. 2002. pp.396.

Links:

http://www.fpnotebook.com/ORT76.htm

http://www.eorthopod.com/area/10

http://www.maitrise-orthop.com/corpusmaitri/orthopaedic/88.html

http://www.athleticadvisor.com/Injuries/UE/Shoulder/shoulder_dislocation.htm

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