|
Internal Rotation Strength Test |
|
Examination type |
Muscle
strength |
|
Patient & Body Segment Positioning |
Patient may
either sit or stand with the elbow flexed 90 degrees and with
the elbow stabilized against the waist. |
|
Examiner Position |
Examiner
stand at the patient’s side with one hand on the elbow to
stabilize and the other hand on the wrist provide resistance. |
|
Tissues
Being Tested |
Pectoralis
major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis |
|
Performing the Test |
The examiner
pushes the wrist into external rotation as the patient tries to
rotate his arm internally towards the front of the body. |
|
Positive Test |
Pain with
resistance, weakness, or inability to push against the examiner |
|
Interpretation |
Injury to
the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, or
subscapularis muscle or one of the following nerves: C5, C6, C7,
C8, T1. |
|
Common errors in
performing exam |
The elbow
must be stabilized or internal rotation could be mistaken for
abduction. |
|
Factors possibly
resulting in misinterpretation |
The patient
just may be weak or may not be clear on what the examiner wants
them to do. |
|
Related tests |
Teres minor
test, Abdominal compression (Belly press) test, Hornblower’s
sign, Lift off sign |
|
References |
Physical
Examination of the Spine Extremities. Hoppenfeld. P. 28.
Athletic Injury
Assessment. (2000). 4th Ed. P. 416.
Magee.
Orthopedic Physical Assessment. 4th Ed. 2002. |
|
Links: |
http://www.nismat.org/orthocor/exam/shoulder.html
http://www.ori.org.au/bonejoint/shoulder/function.htm |
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