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Athletic Training & Sports Medicine Center

Examination Links:

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Alphabetical Listing
of Examinations
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Head

Cervical Spine

Thoracic Spine

Lumbar Spine

Shoulder

Elbow & Radioulnar

Wrist

Hand & Fingers

Sacroiliac Joint

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Ipsilateral Prone Kinetic Test
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FABER Test
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Passive Extension & Internal 
Rotation of Ilium on Sacrum

Passive Flexion & External 
Rotation of Ilium on Sacrum

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Passive External Rotation 
of Hip
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Pelvic Rocking Test
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Gapping Test
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Prone Gapping (Hibb's) Test
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Approximation Test
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Squish Test
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Sacroiliac Rocking Test
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Sacral Apex Pressure Test
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Torsion Stress Test
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Femoral Shear Test
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Superoinferior Symphysis
Pubic Stress Test

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Piedallu's Sign
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Flamingo Maneuver or Test
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Gaenslen's Sign
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Mazion's Pelvic Maneuver
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Yeoman's Test
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Sit-up Test
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Hip & Thigh

Knee

Lower Leg

Ankle

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Foot
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Morton Test
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Range of Motion
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Goniometry
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Manual Muscle Testing
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Reflexes
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Vital Signs
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Body Composition
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Fulcrum Test

Examination type

Joint Instability

Patient & Body Segment Positioning

Lying supine on the examination table. Involved shoulder should be abducted to 90⁰ and externally rotated with the elbow flexed to 90⁰.

Examiner Position

The examiner should be standing next to the patient on the involved side. Make a fist with one hand and place it under the patients humerus to act as a fulcrum while placing the other hand at the athlete’s elbow in order to apply force.

Tissues Being Tested

Anterior ligaments of the shoulder, rotator cuff muscles, labrum, and the head of the humerus

Performing the Test

Using the fist under the humerus as a fulcrum, apply a downward force on the elbow with one hand and use the fist to apply a mild anterior directed force to the posterior humeral head. This will cause the humeral head to translate anteriorly.

Positive Test

A positive test is indicated if the patient shows apprehension, indicates pain with translation, or if alarm shows on the patients face. If the patient has previously dislocated or had a subluxation he may describe the pain as similar to experiencing this injury.

Interpretation

Pain or apprehension indicate anterior instability

Common errors in performing exam

Application of pressure on wrong spot. Examiner has wrong positioning. Patient does not comply fully with examiners instructions. Patient is in wrong position.

Factors possibly resulting in misinterpretation

Improper hand positioning can easily mislead the examiner while he or she is performing the test. The test should be performed very slowly. If it is performed rapidly the glenohumeral joint may dislocate from its joint capsule causing further pain and injury to the patient. Not performing a bilateral comparison on the non-injured joint could also mislead the examiner in his interpretation of the injury.

Related tests

Anterior apprehension test (Crank Test), Relocation Test (Fowler Test or Jobe Relocation Test), Rockwood Test, Rowe Test, Prone Anterior Instability Test, Andrews’ Anterior Instability Test, and the Anterior Drawer Test for the shoulder

References

Booker, James M & Tibideau, Gary (2000) Athletic Injury Assessment (4th ed). ST. Louis McGraw Hill. Pg.

Magee, David (2002) Orthopedic Physical Assessment Philadelphia Saunders.

Links:

www.orthop.washington.edu/uw/evaluation/tabID__337... , www.nwtsportsmed.com

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