Goniometry of the Elbow & Radioulnar Joints

Cervical Spine Fingers (MCP, PIP, & DIP Joints) Knee
Glenohumeral Joint Thumb (CMC, MCP, & IP Joints) Talocrural
Elbow & Radioulnar Joints Lumbar & Thoracic Spine Transverse Tarsal & Subtalar Joints
Wrist Hip Toes (MCP, PIP, & DIP Joints)

Motion

Recommended Testing Position

Stabilization

Center

Proximal Arm

Distal Arm

Start

End

Flexion

 Supine, G-H in 00 flex, ext, abd. Pad under distal humerus to allow full ext. Forearm in full supination Distal end of humerus to prevent shoulder flexion Lateral epicondyle of humerus Lateral midline of humerus, reference acromion process Lateral midline of radius, reference radial head & styloid

Extension

 Supine, G-H in 00 flex, ext, abd. Pad under distal humerus to allow full ext. Forearm in full supination Distal end of humerus to prevent shoulder flexion Lateral epicondyle of humerus Lateral midline of humerus, reference acromion process Lateral midline of radius, reference radial head & styloid

Pronation

 Sitting, G-H in 00 of flex, ext, abd, add, & rot, Elbow flexed 900, Forearm supported by examiner, initially in 00 pronation-supination Distal humerus to prevent IR & abduction of G-H Lateral to ulnar styloid process Parallel to ant. midline of humerus Across dorsal aspect of forearm, just proximal to styloid processes of radius & ulna
Supination Sitting, G-H in 00 of flex, ext, abd, add, & rot, Elbow flexed 900, Forearm supported by examiner, initially in 00 pronation-supination Distal humerus to prevent ER & add of G-H Medial to ulnar styloid process Parallel to ant. midline of humerus Across volar aspect of forearm, just proximal to styloid processes of radius & ulna

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