Goniometry of the Metatarsophalangeal & Interphalangeal Joints

Cervical Spine Fingers (MCP, PIP, & DIP Joints) Knee
Glenohumeral Joint Thumb (CMC, MCP, & IP Joints) Talocrural
Elbow & Radioulnar Joints Lumbar & Thoracic Spine Transverse Tarsal & Subtalar Joints
Wrist Hip Toes (MCP, PIP, & DIP Joints)

Motion

Recommended Testing Position

Stabilization

Center

Proximal Arm

Distal Arm

Start

End

Metatarsophalangeal joint Flexion

 Supine or sitting, ankle & foot in 00 of dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion. MTP in 00 abd & add. IP 00 in flex-ext Stabilize metatarsal to prevent plantar flexion of ankle & inversion or eversion of foot. Do not hold MTP of other toes in extension Dorsal aspect of MTP Dorsal midline of metatarsal Dorsal midline of proximal phalanx

Metatarsophalangeal joint Extension

 Supine or sitting, ankle & foot in 00 of dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion. MTP in 00 abd & add. IP 00 in flex-ext Stabilize metatarsal to prevent dorsiflexion of ankle & inversion or eversion of foot. Do not hold MTP of other toes in extreme flexion Dorsal aspect of MTP Dorsal midline of metatarsal Dorsal midline of proximal phalanx

Metatarsophalangeal joint Abduction

 Supine or sitting, foot in 00 of inversion, eversion. MTP & IP in 00 flex-ext Stabilize metatarsal to prevent inversion or eversion of foot. Dorsal aspect of MTP Dorsal midline of metatarsal Dorsal midline of proximal phalanx

Metatarsophalangeal joint Adduction

 Supine or sitting, foot in 00 of inversion, eversion. MTP & IP in 00 flex-ext Stabilize metatarsal to prevent inversion or eversion of foot. Dorsal aspect of MTP Dorsal midline of metatarsal Dorsal midline of proximal phalanx

Proximal interphalangeal joint Flexion

 Supine or sitting, ankle & foot in 00 of dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion. MTP in 00 flex, ext, abd & add. Stabilize metatarsal & proximal phalanx to prevent dorsiflexion or plantar flexion of ankle & inversion or eversion of foot. Avoid flexion & extension of MTP. Dorsal aspect of IP Dorsal midline of proximal phalanx Dorsal midline of phalanx distal to joint being tested    

Proximal interphalangeal joint Extension

 Supine or sitting, ankle & foot in 00 of dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion. MTP in 00 flex, ext, abd & add. Stabilize metatarsal & proximal phalanx to prevent dorsiflexion or plantar flexion of ankle & inversion or eversion of foot. Avoid flexion & extension of MTP. Dorsal aspect of IP Dorsal midline of proximal phalanx Dorsal midline of phalanx distal to joint being tested    

Distal interphalangeal joint Flexion

 Supine or sitting, ankle & foot in 00 of dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion. MTP & PIP in 00 flex, ext, abd & add. Stabilize metatarsal, proximal, & middle phalanx to prevent dorsiflexion or plantar flexion of ankle & inversion or eversion of foot. Avoid flexion & extension of MTP & PIP . Dorsal aspect of DIP Dorsal midline of middle phalanx Dorsal midline of distal phalanx    

Distal interphalangeal joint Extension

 Supine or sitting, ankle & foot in 00 of dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion. MTP & PIP in 00 flex, ext, abd & add. Stabilize metatarsal, proximal, & middle phalanx to prevent dorsiflexion or plantar flexion of ankle & inversion or eversion of foot. Avoid extension of MTP & PIP . Dorsal aspect of DIP Dorsal midline of middle phalanx Dorsal midline of distal phalanx    

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