Goniometry of the Glenohumeral Joint

Cervical Spine Fingers (MCP, PIP, & DIP Joints) Knee
Glenohumeral Joint Thumb (CMC, MCP, & IP Joints) Talocrural
Elbow & Radioulnar Joints Lumbar & Thoracic Spine Transverse Tarsal & Subtalar Joints
Wrist Hip Toes (MCP, PIP, & DIP Joints)

Motion

Recommended Testing Position

Stabilization

Center

Proximal Arm

Distal Arm

Start

End

Flexion

Supine, knees flexed, G-H 00 of abd, add, rot, 00 of pronation-supination Scapula to prevent elevation, post tilting, & UR, Thorax to prevent spine extension Close to acromion process Midaxillary line of thorax Lateral midline of humerus, lateral epicondyle

Extension

Prone, head facing away from involved shoulder, G-H 00 abd & rot, elbow slight flex, 00 of pronation-supination Scapula to prevent elevation, ant tilting Close to acromion process Midaxillary line of thorax Lateral midline of humerus, lateral epicondyle  

Abduction

Supine, may be sitting or prone, G-H 00 flex-ext, full ext rot, elbow ext Scapula to prevent UR & elevation, Thorax to prevent lateral flex of trunk Close to ant. acromion process Parallel to midline of ant sternum Medial midline of humerus    

Adduction

Supine, may be sitting or prone, G-H 00 flex-ext, full ext rot, elbow ext Scapula to prevent UR & elevation, Thorax to prevent lateral flex of trunk Close to ant. acromion process Parallel to midline of ant sternum Medial midline of humerus  

Internal rotation

Supine, arm in 900 of abd, forearm perpendicular to supporting surface & 00 of pronation-supination, full length of humerus on supporting surface Humerus to maintain 900 abduction, scapula to prevent elevation & ant tilting Over olecranon process Parallel to or perpendicular to floor Ulnar, using olecranon & ulnar styloid  

External rotation

Supine, arm in 900 of abd, forearm perpendicular to supporting surface & 00 of pronation-supination, full length of humerus on supporting surface Humerus to maintain 900 abduction, scapula to prevent post tilting Over olecranon process Parallel to or perpendicular to floor Ulnar, using olecranon & ulnar styloid  

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