Lumbar & Thoracic Spine Goniometry

Motion	Recommended Testing Position	Stabilization	Center	Proximal Arm	Distal Arm	Start	End
Flexion	Standing with cervical, thoracic, & lumbar spine in 0⁰ of lateral flexion & rotation	Stabilize pelvis to prevent anterior tilting	Measure distance between spinous processes of C7 & S1 with tape measure	Start in upright zero starting position	End with measurement at end of ROM
Extension	Standing with cervical, thoracic, & lumbar spine in 0⁰ of lateral flexion & rotation	Stabilize pelvis to prevent anterior tilting	Measure distance between spinous processes of C7 & S1 with tape measure	Start in upright zero starting position	End with measurement at end of ROM with patient putting hand on buttocks & bending backwards
Lateral flexion	Standing with cervical, thoracic, & lumbar spine in 0⁰ of flexion, extension & rotation	Stabilize pelvis to prevent lateral tilting	Over posterior aspect of S1 spinous process	Perpendicular to ground	Posterior aspect of C7 spinous process
Rotation	Sitting, with feet on floor to help stabilize pelvis. Cervical, thoracic, & lumbar spine in 0⁰ of flexion, extension & lateral flexion	Stabilize pelvis to prevent rotation. Avoid flexion, extension, & lateral flexion of spine	Over center of cranial aspect of head	Parallel to an imaginary line between the two prominent tubercles on the iliac crests	With imaginary line between the two acromial processes

Cervical Spine	Fingers (MCP, PIP, & DIP Joints)	Knee
Glenohumeral Joint	Thumb (CMC, MCP, & IP Joints)	Talocrural
Elbow & Radioulnar Joints	Lumbar & Thoracic Spine	Transverse Tarsal & Subtalar Joints
Wrist	Hip	Toes (MCP, PIP, & DIP Joints)