Motion |
Recommended Testing Position |
Stabilization |
Center |
Proximal Arm |
Distal Arm |
Start |
End |
Carpometacarpal (Thumb) Flexion |
Sitting, forearm in full supination, wrist in 00 flexion, extension, radial & ulnar flexion. CMC of thumb in 00 of abd & add. MCP & IP in 00 of flex & ext. Forearm & hand rest on supporting surface | Stabilize carpal bones to prevent wrist motions | Palmar aspect of 1st CMC joint | Ventral midline of radius using ventral surface of radial head & styloid for reference | Ventral midline of 1st metacarpal |  |
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Carpometacarpal (Thumb) Extension |
Sitting, forearm in full supination, wrist in 00 flexion, extension, radial & ulnar flexion. CMC of thumb in 00 of abd & add. MCP & IP in 00 of flex & ext. Forearm & hand rest on supporting surface | Stabilize carpal bones to prevent wrist motions | Palmar aspect of 1st CMC joint | Ventral midline of radius using ventral surface of radial head & styloid for reference | Ventral midline of 1st metacarpal | |
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Carpometacarpal (Thumb) Abduction |
Sitting, forearm in 00 supination-pronation, wrist in 00 flexion, extension, radial & ulnar flexion. CMC, MCP, & IP in 00 of flex & ext. Forearm & hand rest on supporting surface | Stabilize carpal bones & second metacarpal to prevent wrist motions | Lateral aspect of radial styloid process | Lateral midline of 2nd metacarpal. Reference center of 2nd MCP joint | Lateral midline of 1st metacarpal. Reference center of 1st MCP joint |  |
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Carpometacarpal (Thumb) Adduction |
Sitting, forearm in 00 supination-pronation, wrist in 00 flexion, extension, radial & ulnar flexion. CMC, MCP, & IP in 00 of flex & ext. Forearm & hand rest on supporting surface | Stabilize carpal bones & second metacarpal to prevent wrist motions | Lateral aspect of radial styloid process | Lateral midline of 2nd metacarpal. Reference center of 2nd MCP joint | Lateral midline of 1st metacarpal. Reference center of 1st MCP joint | ||
Carpometacarpal (Thumb) Opposition |
Sitting, forearm in full supination, wrist in 00 flexion, extension, radial & ulnar flexion. IP of thumb & little finger in 00 in flex & ext. Forearm & hand rest on supporting surface. | Stabilize 5th metacarpal to prevent wrist motions | Use ruler to measure distance between tip of thumb & 5th finger | ||||
Metacarpophalangeal (Thumb) Flexion |
Sitting, forearm in full supination, wrist in 00 flexion, extension, radial & ulnar flexion. CMC in 00 of flex, ext, abd, & add. IP of thumb in 00 in flex & ext. Forearm & hand rest on supporting surface. | Stabilize 1st metacarpal to prevent wrist motion and flexion & opposition of thumb CMC | Dorsal aspect of MCP | Dorsal midline of metacarpal | Dorsal midline of proximal phalanx |  |
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Metacarpophalangeal (Thumb) Extension |
Sitting, forearm in full supination, wrist in 00 flexion, extension, radial & ulnar flexion. CMC in 00 of flex, ext, abd, add & opposition. IP of thumb in 00 in flex & ext. Forearm & hand rest on supporting surface. | Stabilize 1st metacarpal to prevent motion at wrist & CMC of thumb | Dorsal aspect of MCP | Dorsal midline of metacarpal | Dorsal midline of proximal phalanx | ||
Interphalangeal (Thumb) Flexion |
Sitting, forearm in full supination, wrist in 00 flexion, extension, radial & ulnar flexion. CMC in 00 of flex, ext, abd, & add. MCP of thumb in 00 in flex & ext. Forearm & hand rest on supporting surface. | Stabilize proximal phalanx to prevent flexion or extension of MCP | Dorsal surface of IP | Dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx | Dorsal midline of distal phalanx | ||
Interphalangeal (Thumb) Extension |
Sitting, forearm in full supination, wrist in 00 flexion, extension, radial & ulnar flexion. CMC in 00 of flex, ext, abd, & add. MCP of thumb in 00 in flex & ext. Forearm & hand rest on supporting surface. | Stabilize proximal phalanx to prevent flexion or extension of MCP | Dorsal surface of IP | Dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx | Dorsal midline of distal phalanx |